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History of the company/bank and archive description for Bank of England
History of the
company/bank:		 The Bank was founded by Act of Parliament in 1694 as the first public bank in the British Isles, and since that time has been at the centre of the British banking system. During the eighteenth century, the Bank developed its main function of acting as banker to the government and to the banking system, which included management of the national debt and responsibility for the note issue in England and Wales - although a complete monopoly of this was not achieved until 1921.
During the nineteenth century the Bank opened 13 branches in the provinces to increase the circulation of its notes.
By the end of the century it had gradually moved away from ordinary commercial activity as its role as a central bank developed. The Bank was nationalised in 1946 and today its functions are primarily related to maintaining financial and monetary stability and seeking to ensure the effectiveness of the UK´s financial services.
Archive description The Archive contains over 80,000 separate items and occupies around 20,000 linear feet of shelving. The records reflect every function of the Bank from its inception, including: management of British Government and other stock issues; banking operations for the Government, central banks and other customers; implementation of exchange control; international financial relations; domestic economic statistics and analysis; internal staffing, legal, administration and building matters; banknote design, production and distribution; inter war rationalisation of industry. Full item descriptive lists are available and are also held in a free text computer retrieval system. A guide to the Archive is now available.
Publications The principal histories are:
  • Clapham , Sir John : The Bank of England (covers 1694 - 1914). CUP 1944.
  • Sayers , R. S. : The Bank of England. 1891 - 1944. CUP 1976.
  • Fforde , John : The Bank of England and public policy, 1941 - 1958. CUP 1992.
Internal histories:
  • Acres , W. M. : The Bank of England from within, 1694 - 1900. OUP 1931.
  • Hennessy , Elizabeth : A domestic history of the Bank of England, 1930 - 1960.
Conditions of use Public access is allowed to records over thirty years old. There are some further restrictions for sensitive records; mainly those of customers. Owing to limited accomodation, it is necessary to make an appointment to visit.

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